During filling and subsequent operation of the transformer, a very low moisture content in the oil is required – at just a few ppm. Oil has a natural tendency to absorb moisture from its surroundings, forcing the construction of a sealed system. Any “breather” points should be protected by filters with moisture absorbers to minimise the risk of water entering the system.
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Oil transfer processes, e.g. from transport tanks to vats, should be carried out in such a way as to reduce oil gassing. Dissolved gases can affect oil performance, so it is necessary to keep them low.
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Transformer manufacturers often specify that the oil temperature during filling should be higher than 50°C. In winter, maintaining this temperature requires appropriate heating systems and insulation of system components. It is also often necessary to ensure the correct ambient temperature for process support machinery, such as pumps or aggregates.
Transformer oil circulation involves the movement of transformer oil within the cooling system of a transformer to maintain optimal operating temperatures. The process begins when the transformer generates heat during its operation; the oil absorbs this heat, becoming less dense and rising to the top of the tank. As it rises, cooler, denser oil from the bottom descends to take its place, creating a continuous cycle that promotes efficient heat dissipation. This circulation is often facilitated by natural convection, or it can be enhanced by using pumps in larger transformers to ensure a more rapid and even distribution of the oil throughout the transformer. Proper transformer oil circulation is crucial for maintaining the insulating properties of the oil and ensuring the longevity and reliability of the transformer. Regular monitoring and maintenance of the transformer oil circulation system is essential to prevent overheating and mitigate risks of transformer failure.
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