As you know, Lithium-Ion batteries are very powerful. Because of that, you should be aware of the safe handling of them. Don't look just at the price of the battery. With batteries, you truly "get what you pay for." If money is tight, it's best to purchase a lesser-priced flashlight rather than cutting corners on an battery.
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Protected Batteries
Protected Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) batteries have a small electronic circuit integrated into the cell packaging. This circuit protects the battery against common dangers, such as overcharge, over discharge, short circuit/over current, and temperature. Protected batteries are safer to use in your devices. Protected batteries are less like to ignite and cause personal or property damage.
Most protected batteries have these components:
PTC: Protect against over heating and indirectly over current. Will automatically reset.
CID or Pressure Valve: Will disable the cell permanently if the pressure is too high in the cell (Can be due to over charge).
PCB: Will protect against over discharge, over charge, and over current, depending on design. The PCB will reset automatically or when placed in a charger.
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Unprotected Batteries
Unprotected batteries do not have this electronic circuit in the cell packaging. Because of this, they can have more capacity and current capability than a protected cell. However, there is always a danger of over heating, short circuiting, or over discharging. Unprotected batteries are also much lower in price.
IN SUMMARY: Users must decide whether they prefer protected cells which are safer to operate or accept the bigger responsibility and danger associated with unprotected cells. Most battery specialists will recommend you always use protected batteries.
When shopping for cylindrical style batteries (, , ), you will have a choice between protected and unprotected cells. Protected cells, as the name might suggest, have a small electronic circuit integrated into the battery packaging. This is located one end of the battery and is indistinguishable from the cell itself.
This circuit protects the battery against dangers like excessive charging and discharging, short circuiting, and extreme temperatures. This is designed to protect the devices you use them in, and to prevent damage from explosion or leaking.
Many protected batteries also have a valve which disables the cell permanently if the pressure becomes too high inside the cell. This is commonly what happens when batteries swell, at which point they're more susceptible to igniting.
Unprotected batteries lack this circuitry. They're cheaper as a result, and also more prone to the problems that such protections are designed to avoid. If you choose an unprotected cell (and many of the best cells are unprotected), you should take extra care when choosing and using your batteries.
Pay special attention to the discharge rating (CDR) to ensure you're not drawing excessive power from a cell, or it may overheat. You also need to keep the contacts covered, ideally in a plastic case so the batteries don't short in your bag or pocket. You'll also need to make sure you don't leave your batteries in the charger too long.
When in doubt, go the protected route and spend a bit more.
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