OPGW is primarily used by the electric utility industry, placed in the secure topmost position of the transmission line where it 'shields' the all-important conductors from lightning while providing a telecommunications path for internal as well as third party communications. Optical Ground Wire is a dual functioning cable, meaning it serves two purposes. It is designed to replace traditional static / shield / earth wires on overhead transmission lines with the added benefit of containing optical fibers which can be used for telecommunications purposes. OPGW must be capable of withstanding the mechanical stresses applied to overhead cables by environmental factors such as wind and ice. OPGW in transmission line must also be capable of handling electrical faults on the transmission line by providing a path to ground without damaging the sensitive optical fibers inside the cable.
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The characteristics and application environment of OPGW optical cable are:
1. The OPGW cable is metal armored, which has no effect on the corrosion and degradation of high pressure marks;
2. The OPGW cable shall not run live during the construction, and the power failure loss is large. Generally, the OPGW cable should be used in the new 110kV high-voltage line;
3. For high-voltage lines above 110kV, the span is large (generally above 250M);
4. It is easy to maintain and easily solve the problem of wire passing, and its mechanical characteristics can meet the requirements of large wire passing.
According to Q=I2t, the heat resistance of OPGW cables can also be improved by limiting the magnitude and duration of the actual short-circuit current. The OPGW cable is affected by the short-circuit fault. When the line fault short-circuit current impacts the OPGW cable, the stainless steel unit becomes high temperature instantly. The short-circuit current capacity of the cable must be increased to reduce the impact of the short-circuit fault on the cable.
The main fault in the application of OPGW optical cable is the broken strand caused by lightning strike. The current solutions mainly include the following:
1. Develop new lightning protection outer layer materials. The high lightning protection OPGW developed in Finland in uses high-grade galvanized steel wire and aluminum tube to protect the optical fiber. High-grade galvanized steel requires more energy to melt under a lightning strike.
2. Use aluminum-clad steel wire as much as possible for the outer layer to increase the thickness of the aluminum-clad steel wire.
3. Try to increase the design air gap between the outer strand and the inner strand to avoid heat transfer.
4. Under the same material, use a larger outer strand diameter. After the material and structure of the OPGW optical cable are determined, its lightning protection performance is determined.
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Introduction
In the realm of fiber optic communication, various types of cables are used to transmit data at lightning speed. Among these, All-Dielectric Self-Supporting (ADSS) cables and Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) cables are two predominant types. Though they share the common purpose of data transmission, their structure, application, and installation methods significantly differ. This article aims to shed light on these differences.
ADSS Cable
ADSS cable, as its name suggests, is an all-dielectric cable, meaning it contains no metallic components. This makes it resistant to electrical interference, allowing it to be installed in close proximity to overhead power lines without risking electrical conductivity.
ADSS cables are lightweight and designed to be self-supporting, which means they can be hung from poles or towers without the need for additional support. This makes them cost-effective and easy to install over long distances. They are commonly used in areas where electrical interference is a concern, such as near high voltage power lines.
OPGW Cable
OPGW, or Optical Ground Wire, is a dual-purpose cable. Not only does it transmit telecommunication signals, but it also serves as a grounding wire for electric power systems. It contains both optical fibers and metallic components, allowing it to carry out these dual functions.
The metallic components in OPGW cables make them electrically conductive, which means they need to be installed with care to avoid electrical hazards. However, their dual function as grounding wires makes them an essential component of many power systems. They are typically installed at the top of power line towers, where they can serve as a shield against lightning strikes.
Comparison
The primary difference between ADSS and OPGW cables lies in their structure and purpose. ADSS cables are all-dielectric and designed solely for data transmission, making them ideal for installation near power lines. They are also lightweight and self-supporting, which simplifies their installation.
On the other hand, OPGW cables serve a dual function as data carriers and grounding wires. They contain metallic components, making them electrically conductive and ideal for use in power systems. However, their installation is more complex due to their need to be grounded properly.
Conclusion
Both ADSS and OPGW cables play crucial roles in modern telecommunication and power systems. While they share some similarities, their differences in structure and application make each one suitable for different scenarios. Understanding these differences is key to choosing the right cable for your specific needs.
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