Electric cars run on batteries which are a DC source. However, they can have AC or DC motors fitted. Where there is an AC motor, there are onboard inverter circuits to convert the DC from the batteries into alternating currents. The motors are usually AC induction types.
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The onboard motor can also be used as a back-feeding alternator used for charging the batteries when the vehicle is descending a hill or braking. The disadvantage of using AC motors in cars is that they tend to be more expensive to implement than DC motor systems.
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A larger electric fan is often powered by an induction motor. Smaller handheld fans have DC motors. Single-phase induction motors in fans can be fitted with starter capacitors. These are wired in series with the stator and rotor coils to provide out-of-phase current. The capacitors enable the motors to start up easily and can facilitate speed control. The capacitors are used to improve the starting and running performance of single-phase motors and they also ensure the motor runs in the correct direction.
In electric bikes, the motors favoured are permanent magnet and brushless DC motors. They are commonly 3-phase motors (they have 3 stator coil windings). These are powered and controlled by onboard electronics which supply pulses to regulate power and speed.
If you want to learn more, please visit our website How to Make a Motor Vibrate.