*1. Regarding the output time limits: Taking size, weight, and cost into consideration, the heat dissipation capability of the voltage generator that is used for withstanding voltage tests has been designed to be one half that of the rated output. Use the TOS Series within the following limits. If you use the product in a manner that exceeds these limits, the output section may overheat, and the internal protection circuits may be activated. If this happens, stop testing, and wait until the TOS Series returns to its normal temperature.
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Ambient temperatureUpper limit settingPause timeOutput timet ' 40 °CAC50 mA < i ' 110 mAGreater than or equal to the output time30 min. max.i ' 50 mANot necessaryContinuous output possibleDC5 mA ' i ' 11 mAGreater than or equal to the output time1 min. max.i ' 5 mAGreater than or equal to the wait time (WAIT TIME)Continuous output possible(Output time = voltage rise time + test time + voltage fall time)
*2. Regarding the test voltage waveform: Waveform distortions may occur if an DUT whose capacitance is dependent on voltage (for example, an DUT that consists of ceramic capacitors) is connected as the load. However, if the test voltage is 1.5 kV, the effect of a capacitance of pF or less can be ignored. Because the product's high-voltage power supply uses the PWM switching method, if the test voltage is 500 V or less, the switching and spike noise proportions are large. The lower the test voltage, the greater the waveform is distorted. *3.For both True rms and Mean-value response, 50 ms or above response time is required to satisfy the measurement accuracy. *4. Regarding ammeter and judgment accuracy: During AC withstanding voltage tests, current also flows in the stray capacitance of items such as the measurement leads and jigs. This current that flows in the stray capacitances is added to the current that flows in the DUT, and the sum of these currents is measured. Especially if you want to perform judgments with high sensitivity and accuracy, it is necessary to consider methods to limit the current that flows in these stray capacitances, such as by adding upper and lower limits.
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Output voltage1 kV2 kV3 kV4 kV5 kVWhen using 350 mm long test leads that are suspended in air (TYP)2 μA4 μA6 μA8 μA10 μAWhen using the accessory, high test lead TL31-TOS (TYP)16 μA32 μA48 μA64 μA80 μAOpen in a new windowItem/ModelTOSTOSTOSDisplayVFD: 256 × 64 dots + 4 status indicatorsBackup battery life3 years (at 25 °C or 77 °F)EnvironmentInstallation locationIndoors, at a height of up to mSpec guaranteed range temperature/ humidity5 °C to 35 °C (41 °F to 95 °F)/20 %rh to 80 %rh (no condensation)Operating range temperature/ humidity0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F)/20 %rh to 80 %rh (no condensation)Storage range temperature/ humidity-20 °C to 70 °C (-4 °F to 158 °F)/90 %rh or less (no condensation)Power supplyNominal voltage range (allowable voltage range)100 VAC to 240 VAC (90 VAC to 250 VAC)Power consumptionWhen no load is connected (READY)100 VA or lessWhen rated load isconnected800 VA max.Allowable frequency range47 Hz to 63 HzInsulation resistance (between AC LINE and the chassis)30 MΩ or more (500 VDC)Withstanding voltage (between AC LINE and the chassis) VAC, 2 seconds (Routine test) / VAC, 1 minutes (Type test)Earth continuity25 AAC, 0.1 Ω or lessSafety*1Complies with the requirements of the following directive and standard.*1 Does not apply to specially ordered or modified TOSs. *2 Limited to products that have the CE mark/UKCA mark on their panels. Not be in compliance with EMC limits unless the ferrite core is attached on the cable for connection of J1 connector. *3 This is a Class A equipment. The TOS is intended for use in an industrial environment. This product may cause interference if used in residential areas. Such use must be avoided unless the user takes special measures to reduce electromagnetic emissions to prevent interference to the reception of radio and television broadcasts. *4 This is a Group 1 equipment. The TOS does not generate and/or use intentionally radio-frequency energy, in the from of electromagnetic radiation, inductive and/or capacitive coupling, for the treatment of material or inspection/analysis purpose. *5 This is a Class I equipment. Be sure to ground the TOS's protective conductor terminal. The safety of this product is only guaranteed when the product is properly grounded. *6 Pollution is addition of foreign matter (solid, liquid or gaseous) that may produce a reduction of dielectric strength or surface resistivity. Pollution Degree 2
One of the advantages of using a DC test voltage is that the leakage current trip can be set to a much lower value than that of an AC test voltage. This would allow a manufacturer to filter those products that have marginal insulation, which would have been passed by an AC tester.
When using a dc hipot tester, the capacitors in the circuit could be highly charged and, therefore, a safe-discharge device or setup is needed. However, it is a good practice to always ensure that a product is discharged, regardless of the test voltage or its nature, before it is handled.
It applies the voltage gradually. By monitoring the current flow as voltages increase, an operator can detect a potential insulation breakdown before it occurs. A minor disadvantage of the dc hipot tester is that because dc test voltages are more difficult to generate, the cost of a dc tester may be slightly higher than that of an AC tester.
The main advantage of the DC test is DC Voltage does not produce harmful discharge as readily occur in AC. It can be applied at higher levels without risk or injuring good insulation. This higher potential can literally 'sweep-out' far more local defects.
The simple series circuit path of a local defect is more easily carbonized or reduced in resistance by the dc leakage current than by ac, and the lower the fault path resistance becomes, the more the leakage current increased, thus producing a 'snow balling' effect which leads to the small visible dielectric puncture usually observed. Since the dc is free of capacitive division, it is more effective in picking out mechanical damage as well as inclusions or areas in the dielectric which have lower resistance.
Carrying out High Voltage or High Potential (Hi-Pot) DC testing on XLPE insulated cables has a tendency to 'polarize' the insulation. It can also lead to capacitive space charges within the tiny anomalies in the insulation. These space charges will eventually form water trees which will seek a path to earth. The ideal test would be a frequency (50Hz/60Hz) test but the test equipment is size and weight restrictive, especially on long lengths of cable because of the charging current required. A VLF (Very Low Frequency) test is something of a compromise, a true sine wave (ac) test but low frequency. Therefore none of the destructive qualities of a dc test.
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