lithium-ion battery is a standard lithium-ion battery model, where 18 indicates a diameter of 18mm, 65 indicates a length of 65mm, and 0 indicates a cylindrical battery.
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It has the advantages of light weight, large capacity, and no memory effect, so it has been widely used. The energy density of lithium-ion batteries is very high, its capacity is 1.5 to 2 times that of nickel-metal hydride batteries of the same weight, and it has a very low self-discharge rate. In addition, lithium-ion batteries have almost no "memory effect" and do not contain toxic substances, which are also important reasons for their widespread use.
Main application areas of lithium battery
1. Energy storage
Mainly used in base station power supply, clean energy energy storage, grid power energy storage, home optical storage system, etc.
2. Power type Mainly refers to electric transportation, electric bicycles, new energy vehicles, etc.
3. Digital Mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, MP3/MP4, headphones, power banks, model aircraft, mobile power supplies, etc.
lithium battery model parameters
1. General physical parameters of lithium battery Type - sealed cylindrical type, rechargeable lithium-ion battery
Model——ICR
Nominal voltage - 3.6V
Weight - about 45g
CamAh——mAh
Charging voltage——4.200±0.049V
Minimum discharge termination voltage——2.75V
Maximum charge termination voltage——4.23V
Maximum continuous charging current——mA
Maximum continuous discharge current——mA
Dimensions (including heat shrink jacket) Diameter: d——18.0±0.2mm
Height: h-65.0±0.5mm
Minimum capacity——mAh
Maximum capacity——mAh
Internal resistance (20℃±5℃, measured after fully charged) - less than 80mQ
Charging conditions: 20℃±5℃)
Standard charging mA to 4.2V, 4.2V constant voltage to current less than 20mA
Fast Charging – mA to 4.2V, 4.2V constant voltage to less than 20mA
Usage environment (recommended)
Storage - Temperature (15-35℃)
Relative humidity (45-75%)
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Atmospheric pressure (86-106kPa)
Discharge 20 to 60℃
Standard charging 0 to 45℃
Relative humidity <93% Atmospheric pressure 86 to 106kPa Standard test environment (unless otherwise required) Temperature 20℃±5℃ Relative humidity 45±20%
2. lithium-ion battery conventional chemical performance parameters (electrical performance) requirements
(1) Appearance structure, visual inspection shows no cracks, scratches, deformation, stains, or electrolyte leakage.
(2) Standard test strip: If there are no special requirements, the test should be conducted under the conditions of 20±5℃ (temperature) and 65±20% (humidity). The accuracy level of the ammeter and voltmeter used in the test is ≤0.5
(3) Standard charging It means that under the environment of 20±5℃ and 65±5%RH, after charging with a current of 0.5ItmA to a single cell voltage of 4.2V, it is switched to a constant voltage of 4.2V for charging until the charging current is less than 20mA, then the charging is stopped.
(4) Quick charging It refers to charging at a constant current of mA to a single cell voltage of 4.2V in an environment of 20±5℃ and 65±5%RH, then switching to constant voltage 4.2V for charging until the charging current is less than 20mA, then stopping charging.
(5) Rated capacity It refers to the discharge capacity when the battery is discharged to the end voltage of 2.75V at a constant current of 0.5mA before charging under the environment of 20±5℃ and 65±5%H; left for 15 minutes after standard charging; and discharged to 2.75V at 0.2ItmA. Required discharge capacity: ≥100%C5mAh.
(6) Rapid discharge capacity It refers to the discharge capacity when the battery is discharged to the end voltage of 2.75V at a constant current of 0.5ImA before charging under the environment of 20±5℃ and 65±5%H; left for 15 minutes after standard charging; and discharged to 2.75V at 0.2ImA. Required discharge capacity: ≥90%C5mAh
(7) Cycle life Discharge the battery according to standard discharge requirements and leave it aside for 15 minutes. In the environment of 20±5℃ and 65±5%RH, charge according to the fast charging requirements and leave it for 15 minutes, then discharge with a current of mA until the battery terminal voltage reaches the termination voltage of 2.75V. Cyclic charge and discharge, when the discharge capacity of any cycle is less than 80% CsmAh, the life is terminated. The number of cycles must be greater than or equal to 300
(8) -20℃ discharge performance The battery should be charged according to the standard charging method; the battery should be left at an ambient temperature of -20℃±2℃ for 16h~24h; the battery should be discharged at a constant current of 0.2ImA to a termination voltage of 2.75V at an ambient temperature of -20℃±2℃ ;Discharge capacity ≥60%C5mAh
2. Performance parameters of lithium-ion battery separator
The factors that affect the performance of the lithium-ion battery separator are: thickness, air permeability, wettability, chemical stability, pore size, puncture strength, thermal shutdown temperature, and porosity. These factors directly affect the quality of lithium-ion battery products. Let’s take a look at the performance parameter requirements of these lithium-ion battery separators.
1. Thickness Regarding consumable lithium-ion batteries (those used in mobile phones, laptops, and digital cameras), 25-micron separators are gradually becoming the standard. However, due to the increasing use of portable products, thinner diaphragms, such as 20 micron, 18 micron, 16 micron, or even thinner diaphragms, have begun to be widely used. For power lithium batteries, due to the mechanical requirements of the assembly process, thicker separators are often required. Of course, for large power batteries, safety is also very important, and thicker separators often mean better safety. EV/HEV uses a separator with a thickness of about 40 microns.
2. Air permeability MacMullin number: The ratio between the resistivity of the separator containing the electrolyte and the resistivity of the electrolyte itself. The smaller the value, the better. The value for the consumable lithium-ion battery is close to 8. Gurley number: The time required for a certain volume of gas to pass through a certain area of diaphragm under certain pressure conditions. It is proportional to the internal resistance of the battery assembled with the separator, that is, the larger the value, the greater the internal resistance. It is meaningless to simply compare the Gurley number of two different diaphragms, because the microstructure of the two diaphragms may be completely different; but the Gurley number of the same kind of diaphragm can well reflect the size of the internal resistance, because the same kind of diaphragm The microstructure is relatively the same or comparable.
3. Wetness In order to ensure that the internal resistance of the battery is not too large, the separator is required to be completely wetted by the electrolyte used in the battery. This is related to the separator material itself and the surface and internal microstructure of the separator. Rough judgment: Take a typical electrolyte (such as EC:DMC=1:1, 1MLiPF) and drop it on the surface of the separator to see if the droplets will quickly disappear and be absorbed by the separator. Accurate judgment: Use an ultra-high time resolution camera to record the process from the droplet contacting the separator to the droplet disappearing, calculate the time, and compare the wettability of the two separators based on the length of time.
4. Chemical stability of lithium-ion battery separator The separator is required to be inert in electrochemical reactions, inactive to strong reduction and strong oxidation, and have no attenuation in mechanical strength and no impurities. It is generally believed that the current diaphragm materials PE or PP can meet the chemical inertness requirements.
5. Pore size of lithium-ion battery separator To prevent electrode particles from passing directly through the separator, the separator pore size is required to be 0.01-0.1um. When it is less than 0.01um, the lithium ion penetration ability is too small. When it is greater than 0.1um, the battery is prone to short circuit when dendrites are formed inside the battery. The electrode particles currently used are generally on the order of 10 microns, while the conductive additives used are on the order of 10 nanometers. Fortunately, carbon black particles generally tend to agglomerate to form large particles. Generally speaking, a separator with submicron pores is enough to prevent the direct passage of electrode particles. Of course, it does not rule out that some electrodes have poor surface treatment and excessive dust, such as micro short circuits.
6. Puncture strength of lithium-ion battery separator Puncture strength: At a certain speed (3-5 meters per minute), a needle with a diameter of 1 mm without sharp edges is allowed to pierce the annularly fixed diaphragm, which is the maximum force exerted on the needle to penetrate the diaphragm. Since the method used during testing is very different from the actual situation in the battery, it is not particularly reasonable to directly compare the puncture strength of the two separators. However, when the microstructure is certain, the assembly with higher puncture strength is relatively better. The defective rate is low. However, the pure pursuit of high puncture strength will inevitably lead to a decrease in other properties of the diaphragm.
7. Thermal stability The separator must remain thermally stable within the temperature range of battery use (-20°C ~ 60°C). Generally speaking, the PE or PP materials currently used for diaphragms can meet the above requirements. Generally, under vacuum conditions and at a constant temperature of 90°C for 60 minutes, the transverse and longitudinal shrinkage of the diaphragm should be less than 5%.
8. Thermal shutdown temperature of lithium-ion battery separator Thermal shutdown temperature: The temperature at which the internal resistance increases by three orders of magnitude when a simulated battery (a separator sandwiched between two planar electrodes, using a general lithium-ion battery electrolyte) is heated. Closing temperature: the temperature at which the micropores of the diaphragm are blocked by the heat generated when an external short circuit or abnormal large current passes through. Melt rupture temperature: The temperature at which the diaphragm ruptures when the temperature exceeds the melting point of the sample.
lithium battery voltage and parameters, what is the capacity?
The voltage and capacity of lithium battery are the most important performance parameters of this type of battery, and are also the fundamental factors that determine the price of lithium batteries. Manufacturers can design lithium batteries with different capacities, which is determined by raw materials and processes.
lithium battery parameter table
lithium battery is a typical battery named according to its size. Therefore, the size as one of the parameters of lithium battery is basically the same. Because lithium batteries can actually be divided into four systems: lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, ternary materials, and lithium iron phosphate due to different positive electrodes. Except for lithium iron phosphate, the other three materials can essentially replace each other.
lithium battery voltage is one of the important parameters of lithium battery. Mastering the basic knowledge of battery voltage plays an important role in scientific battery charging, discharging and shelving protection. lithium cobalt oxide battery The nominal voltage is generally: 3.7V The charging limit voltage is generally: 4.20V The minimum discharge termination voltage is generally: 2.75V Diameter: 18±0.2mm Height: 65±2.0mm Capacity: mAh or more (the highest currently is Panasonic’s mah) Currently, the world's largest manufacturers of this type of lithium batteries include Japan's Sanyo (acquired by Panasonic), Panasonic, Samsung, and Sony. lithium iron phosphate battery The nominal voltage of a single cell is generally: 3.2V The charging limit voltage is generally: 3.6V The minimum discharge termination voltage is generally: 2V Diameter: 18±0.2mm Height: 65±2.0mm Capacity: smaller than of lithium cobalt oxide, the common one is mah. It can be seen that the sizes of the two are exactly the same, but the lithium batteries of the two systems have their own advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, the advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium cobalt oxide are: 1. Safer. Overcharge and overdischarge will not cause explosion or leakage. 2. Longer life, can be cycled more than 1,000 times under normal use 3. High magnification, 2C charging and 10C discharging, it will not get hot, explode or leak, and will not affect its lifespan. However, the lithium iron phosphate battery has a low cell voltage and is mostly used in electrical appliances that operate with high current. The voltage parameters of a single lithium battery are as follows 1. The core of the lithium battery voltage is the working voltage, also called the nominal voltage, which is 3.7V, which is equivalent to three nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride batteries connected in series. Some domestic battery manufacturers also design the working voltage to be 3.6V. 2. Charging limit voltage: This is the highest limit for the battery voltage, which is 4.2V. The charging process of the lithium battery is the process of increasing the battery voltage from 3.7V during operation to 4.2V. The end of the process indicates that the battery is full. power status. If it exceeds 4.2V, it is overcharged and will cause damage to the battery. 3. Discharge termination voltage: that is, when the voltage of the lithium battery drops to the lowest working voltage where it is not suitable to continue discharging, it is 2.75V. If the battery is placed below the termination voltage, it is over-discharged. Over-discharge will damage the electrode structure of the battery. Causes lithium ions to undergo an irreversible reaction, seriously affecting the life of the battery. What is the capacity of lithium battery? The capacity of lithium battery is of concern to many industrial users and individual consumers. This is because the larger the capacity of lithium battery, the longer it can be used and can provide users with longer power supply. However, under the same system, High capacity of lithium batteries will bring negative effects of high price, so the balance between capacity and price is very important. The capacity of lithium battery is distributed between mAh and mAh, but the more mature technology is generally between mAh and mAh. This is because the capacity of lithium battery is too low, which will affect the effective working time of the battery and there are problems in applicability. . If the capacity of lithium battery is too high, the cost will increase greatly. Moreover, the lithium battery with too high capacity in non-special fields is not of great significance. The capacity of lithium battery is the main selling point of the manufacturer. In addition, the brand of lithium battery cells with the same capacity is also a factor that affects the price. Generally speaking, imported brands are more expensive than domestic brands of the same type. As mentioned earlier, the decision of lithium battery The main factor in capacity is also the structure of the raw materials. Therefore, from the perspective of the positive electrode, the prices of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, ternary materials, and lithium iron phosphate will be different. lithium battery packs need to be customized according to different products used in different working environments and fields. When selecting lithium battery packs, you should consider the consistency, stability, and safety of the cells, as well as the content of each set of cells. Every battery must be matched in all aspects, such as the same voltage, the same internal resistance, the same capacity, etc.
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