Camel (cigarette)

Cigarette brand

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Camel is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned and manufactured by the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company in the United States and by Japan Tobacco outside the U.S.[1][2]

Most recently Camel cigarettes contain a blend of Turkish tobacco and Virginia tobacco. Winston-Salem, North Carolina, the city where R. J. Reynolds was founded, is nicknamed "Camel City" because of the brand's popularity.[3]

History

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The New York Times, offering a money-back guarantee with the injunction, "Premiums or coupons don't go with Camels, because the cost of the choice quality tobaccos makes it impossible for us to give them"

Two early Camel advertisements, (left): "The camels are coming!", a piece of a series prior to the brand release in . (right): ad from, offering a money-back guarantee with the injunction, "Premiums or coupons don't go with Camels, because the cost of the choice quality tobaccos makes it impossible for us to give them"

In , Richard Joshua "R. J." Reynolds, founder of the company that still bears his name, innovated the packaged cigarette.[4] Prior cigarette smokers had rolled their own, which tended to obscure the potential for a national market for a pre-packaged product.[4] Reynolds worked to develop a more appealing flavor, creating the Camel cigarette, which he so named because it used Turkish tobacco[4] in imitation of then-fashionable Egyptian cigarettes. Reynolds priced them below competitors,[specify] and within a year, he had sold 425 million packs.[4]

Camel cigarettes were originally blended to have a milder taste than established brands. They were advance-promoted by a careful advertising campaign that included "teasers" simply stating "the Camels are coming",[4] a play on the old Scottish folk song "The Campbells Are Coming". Another promotion was "Old Joe", a circus camel driven through towns to attract attention and distribute free cigarettes. The brand's slogan, used for decades, was "I'd walk a mile for a Camel!"

The iconic style of Camel is the original unfiltered cigarette sold in a soft pack, known as Camel Straights or Regulars. Its popularity peaked through the brand's use by famous personalities such as news broadcaster Edward R. Murrow, whose usage of them was so heavy and so public that the smoking of a Camel no-filter became his trademark.[5]

In Europe, Camel is also a brand of cigarette rolling papers and loose cigarette tobacco, maintaining a top 20 roll-your-own rank in Northern Europe with yearly expansion into Southern and Eastern Europe according to the European Subsidiary's annual report.[citation needed]

In , Japan Tobacco International gained ownership of the rights to sell Camel outside the United States. The tobacco blend of the non-American Camel contains less Oriental tobacco and a higher proportion of Burley.[citation needed]

On July 1, , an "Oriental" variety of Camel was introduced, followed by Turkish Gold, a regular cigarette, in , and Turkish Jade, a menthol, in . In Camel added its name on the cigarette paper and changed the filter color and design on its Oriental version, which was subsequently discontinued, but then reinstated. Also in , Turkish Silvers were introduced, an ultralight version positioned in strength below Turkish Gold "lights" and "full flavor" Turkish Royal. Various Camel Crush and Camel Click cigarettes have also been created and are some of the most popular Camel variants being sold.[6][better source needed]

In , Camel was surpassed by Pall Mall as R. J. Reynolds' most popular brand.[7]

In June , Camel Filters were discontinued in the United Kingdom.[citation needed]

In , Camel celebrated its 100th anniversary. Professor Robert N. Proctor of Stanford University commented on the occasion with an editorial in the Los Angeles Times, noting that over the last century, Camel sold over 4 trillion cigarettes and "have probably caused about 4 million deaths." In the same editorial, Proctor also stated that about half as many cigarettes are being sold to Americans in than in .[8]

Marketing

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Graphic design

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Camel Collector's Pack of

The photograph used for the Camel design was taken on September 29, , by Andrew Jackson Farrell, a Winston-Salem based photographer. Farrell and Mr. R. C. Haberkern of the Reynolds Tobacco Company went to the Barnum & Bailey Circus to photograph a camel and a dromedary to use in the design for a "brand of Turkish Cigarettes which we [Reynolds Tobacco] are about to put on the market."[9]

• "The label's background of temples, minarets, an oasis, and pyramids was much like it is today, but the camel in the foreground was a pathetic, one-humped beast with short, pointed ears, two-pronged hoofs and a drooping neck. Is this a camel? the Reynolds people asked each other. Consulting the "Encyclopedia Britannica", they learned that a one-humped dromedary could indeed be called a camel, although no one was too pleased with the creature's looks. Luckily, Barnum & Bailey came to town. Monday, September 29, , Roy C. Haberkern, Reynolds' young secretary, went to investigate. With a photographer (Andrew Jackson Farrell), he visited the circus menagerie and found not only a dromedary, but a two-humped camel as well. When the animal's boss refused permission to photograph them, Haberkern pointed out that Reynolds had always closed offices and factories for the circus, a practice that could easily be discontinued. The trainer relented, but demanded a written release from the company. Haberkern raced back to the closed office building, climbed through a window, wrote the agreement, and signed Reynolds' name to it. Back at the fairgrounds the circus man conceded and brought out the two animals. The camel posed willingly, but Old Joe, the dromedary, wouldn't hold still. The trainer gave him a slap on the nose. Old Joe raised his tail, threw back his ears and closed his eyes as the shutter snapped. From that photograph an improved label was designed and Old Joe became the most famous dromedary in the world."

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The Reynolds company commissioned Fred Otto Kleesattel in to draw the original artwork. The signature scene on most Camel cigarette packs shows a single dromedary, the smallest of the three species of camel, standing on desert sand, with pyramids and palm trees in the background. The back features bazaars and mosques. On European and some other non-U.S. versions, the desert motifs have been replaced by health warnings. On others, Kleesattel included "Manneken Pis", a historical figure of Brussels.[12]

Known as "Fritz", Kleesattel was a highly sought after graphic designer living in Louisville, Kentucky. He was hired through his company, Klee Ad Art, to design the packaging for the new Camel cigarettes' line. Klee Ad Art was also integral in devising designs for Four Roses Distillery, Heaven Hill Distilleries, and many other now immediately recognizable U.S. brands. While serving in the U.S. Army during World War I, Kleesattel worked as a camouflage artist, disguising buildings, vehicles, and other potential targets by making them blend with their surroundings.[citation needed]

Ad campaigns

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In an apparent attempt to counter Lucky Strike's popular "It's Toasted" campaign, Camel went in the opposite direction by boasting that Camel was a "fresh" cigarette "never parched or toasted."[13]

In , Camel used the slogan "For digestion's sake ' smoke Camels." The ads ran from to . In , over a decade after the ad campaign ended, the FTC issued a cease-and-desist order prohibiting R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) from claiming that Camels aided digestion in any respect.[14]

In , Camel installed a 30-by-100-foot (9.1 by 30.5 m) billboard on the east side of Times Square, New York. Designed by Douglas Leigh, this showed a smoking man, with steam coming from his mouth every few seconds to represent cigarette smoke. The man depicted was replaced periodically (during World War 2, the billboard showed servicemen in uniform). The billboard became a famous landmark and remained in place until .[15][16]

In , Camel advertised their cigarettes as being the favorite choice among doctors "from every branch of medicine", making smokers believe it was safe to smoke them.[17] The slogan "More doctors smoke Camels than any other cigarette" became the mainstay of Camel advertising until .[17][18] Ads featuring the slogan were seen in a range of media, including medical journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association,[19] television commercials,[20][21][22] popular radio programs such as Abbott and Costello and magazines such as Life and Time.[23] The slogan was claimed to be based on surveys by "three leading independent research organizations"; however, these surveys were conducted by R. J. Reynolds's advertising agency, the William Esty Company, and included free cigarettes for the doctors who were interviewed.[17]

In late , RJR created "Joe Camel" as a brand mascot. In , the American Medical Association published a report stating that 5- and 6-year-olds could more easily recognize Joe Camel than Mickey Mouse, Fred Flintstone, Bugs Bunny, or even Barbie.[24] This led the association to ask RJR to terminate the Joe Camel campaign. RJR declined, but further appeals followed in and . On July 10, , the Joe Camel campaign was retired and replaced with a more adult campaign which appealed to the desires of its mid-20s target market. Camel paid millions of dollars to settle lawsuits accusing them of using Joe Camel to market smoking to children.[25]

Camel Cash

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"Camel Cash", or "C-Note", was a promotional ticket stuck to the back of filtered varieties of Camel cigarettes. It was made to vaguely resemble currency and could be exchanged for items from the Camel Cash catalog. It could not be used, however, to purchase Camel tobacco products.[citation needed]

The artwork changed many times over the years, and in the past included the face of Joe Camel, much in the same way as presidents are featured on American currency; later designs just used a Camel silhouette like the one on the Camel logo, after Joe Camel was discontinued. Camel Cash redemption expired on March 31, , angering some smokers who had been saving up the "cash" for years only to find it worthless.[citation needed]

Break free adventure

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In , R. J. Reynolds planned to sell Camel packs showing one of 10 locations to be visited by the Camel mascot, including Seattle, Washington; Austin, Texas; San Francisco; Las Vegas; New Orleans; Bonneville Salt Flats; Sturgis, South Dakota; Route 66; and the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn. The Winston-Salem package showed a tobacco field and the city's skyline, including the former R. J. Reynolds headquarters. During a 10-week period, visitors to a website were asked to guess which city would be next. Matthew Myers, president of Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, accused the company of targeting children once again, saying, "The new campaign cynically uses the names and images of trendy U.S. destinations ... in an attempt to make Camel cigarettes cool again." David Howard of R. J. Reynolds emphasized the campaign was geared toward adults and pointed out only adults could access the website.[26][27][28]

New York City health commissioner Thomas Farley and the National Association of Attorneys General both sent Reynolds letters asking that the campaign be stopped. The organization said that it violated the tobacco settlement. Reynolds denied that children were being targeted and said the campaign did not go against the settlement. Other cities and states also stated their objections, including San Francisco and Seattle.[28]

'Hidden' camel images

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According to a legend, the artist who drew the image of the camel was Belgian and did not like the marketing manager of Camel so he introduced a design of Manneken Pis (a bronze statue of a very typical urinating child from Belgium). When examined closely, some people claim to see a man with an erection in the shadows on the camel's left leg. Another legend says the leg image is a nude woman. Some people claim that you can see the image of a baboon or another type of monkey on the back of the dromedary, some even say that you can see eagles near the head and a fish in the central area. It is considered unlikely that these images were drawn on purpose, rather they are the product of the shading of the drawing.[29]

Formula One

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Contact us to discuss your requirements of camel manufacturer. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

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Camel has been a sponsor of various Formula One teams since :[30][31]

• AGS () - The logos were placed on the side of the cars, and on the drivers' helmets. In races where tobacco sponsorship was forbidden, the Camel name was replaced with the Camel logo instead.[

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• Larrousse F1 ( ' ) - The logos were displayed on the top of the nose section, right in the front of the driver, on the side of the car and on the drivers' helmets.

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• Minardi () - The logos were shown on the side of the car.[

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• Tyrrell Racing ( ' )

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  - In , the logos were displayed on the top of the car, on the front of the nose, on the top side of the rear wing and on the driver's helmets because it was a minor sponsor, but in Camel was the main sponsor and the logos were more prominently shown.[

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Camel Trophy

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Camel organised the Camel Trophy, a vehicle-oriented competition that was held annually between and . It was best known for its use of Land Rover vehicles over challenging terrain.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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Adverse Health Effects of Smoking

A Federal Court has ordered R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, and Lorillard to make this statement about the health effects of smoking.

• Smoking kills, on average, 1,200 Americans. Every day.
• More people die every year from smoking than from murder, AIDS, suicide, drugs, car crashes, and alcohol, combined.
• Smoking causes heart disease, emphysema, acute myeloid leukemia, and cancer of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, lung, stomach, kidney, bladder, and pancreas.
• Smoking also causes reduced fertility, low birth weight in newborns, and cancer of the cervix.

Addictiveness of Smoking and Nicotine

A Federal Court has ordered R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, and Lorillard to make this statement about the addictiveness of smoking and nicotine.

• Smoking is highly addictive. Nicotine is the addictive drug in tobacco.
• Cigarette companies intentionally designed cigarettes with enough nicotine to create and sustain addiction.
• It's not easy to quit.
• When you smoke, the nicotine actually changes the brain ' that's why quitting is so hard.

Lack of Significant Health Benefit from Smoking "Low Tar," "Light," "Ultra Light," Mild," and "Natural" Cigarettes

A Federal Court has ordered R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, and Lorillard to make this statement about low tar and light cigarettes being as harmful as regular cigarettes.

• Many smokers switch to low tar and light cigarettes rather than quitting because they think low tar and light cigarettes are less harmful. They are not.
• "Low tar" and "light" cigarette smokers inhale essentially the same amount of tar and nicotine as they would from regular cigarettes.
• All cigarettes cause cancer, lung disease, heart attacks, and premature death ' lights, low tar, ultra lights, and naturals. There is no safe cigarette.

Manipulation of Cigarette Design and Composition to Ensure Optimum Nicotine Delivery

A Federal Court has ordered R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, and Lorillard to make this statement about designing cigarettes to enhance the delivery of nicotine.

• R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, and Lorillard intentionally designed cigarettes to make them more addictive.
• Cigarette companies control the impact and delivery of nicotine in many ways, including designing filters and selecting cigarette paper to maximize the ingestion of nicotine, adding ammonia to make the cigarette taste less harsh, and controlling the physical and chemical make-up of the tobacco blend.
• When you smoke, the nicotine actually changes the brain ' that's why quitting is so hard.

Adverse Health Effects of Exposure to Secondhand Smoke

A Federal Court has ordered R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, and Lorillard to make this statement about the health effects of secondhand smoke.

• Secondhand smoke kills over 38,000 Americans each year.
• Secondhand smoke causes lung cancer and coronary heart disease in adults who do not smoke.
• Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems, severe asthma, and reduced lung function.
• There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke.

Efectos adversos del tabaquismo para la salud

Una Corte Federal ha ordenado a R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, y Lorillard a realizar la siguiente declaración sobre los efectos del tabaquismo para la salud.

• Fumar mata, en promedio, a estadounidenses. Cada día.
• Más personas mueren cada año a consecuencia de fumar que por asesinatos, SIDA, suicidios, drogas, accidentes automovilísticos y alcohol, combinados.
• Fumar causa enfermedades cardíacas, enfisema, leucemia mieloide aguda y cáncer de boca, esófago, laringe, pulmón, estómago, riñón, vejiga y páncreas.
• Fumar también causa disminución de la fertilidad, bajo peso en recién nacidos y cáncer de cuello uterino.

Lo adictivo del fumar y de la nicotina

Una Corte Federal ha ordenado a R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, y Lorillard a realizar la siguiente declaración sobre lo adictivo del fumar y de la nicotina.

• Fumar es altamente adictivo. La nicotina es la droga adictiva presente en el tabaco.
• Las compañías fabricantes de cigarrillos intencionalmente diseñaron cigarrillos con suficiente nicotina para crear y mantener la adicción.
• No es fácil dejar de fumar.
• Cuando usted fuma, la nicotina de hecho provoca cambios en el cerebro ' por eso es tan difícil dejar de fumar.

No hay un beneficio significativo para la salud al fumar cigarrillos "con bajo contenido de alquitrán", "lights", "ultra lights", "suaves" y "naturales"

Una Corte Federal ha ordenado a R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, y Lorillard a realizar la siguiente declaración de que los cigarrillos con bajo contenido de alquitrán y los cigarrillos "lights" son tan perjudiciales como los cigarrillos regulares.

• Muchos fumadores cambian a cigarrillos con bajo contenido de alquitrán y a cigarrillos "lights" en vez de dejar de fumar porque piensan que los cigarrillos con bajo contenido de alquitrán y los cigarrillos "lights" son menos perjudiciales. No lo son.
• Los fumadores de cigarrillos con "bajo contenido de alquitrán" y de cigarrillos "lights" inhalan básicamente la misma cantidad de alquitrán y de nicotina que inhalarían de cigarrillos regulares.
• Todos los cigarrillos causan cáncer, enfermedades pulmonares, ataques al corazón y muerte prematura ' sean "lights", con bajo contenido de alquitrán, "ultra lights", suaves o naturales. No hay cigarrillos seguros.

Manipulación del diseño y composición de los cigarrillos para garantizar un suministro óptimo de nicotina

Una Corte Federal ha ordenado a R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, y Lorillard a realizar la siguiente declaración sobre el diseño de los cigarrillos para intensificar el suministro de nicotina.

• R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, y Lorillard han intencionalmente diseñado los cigarrillos para hacerlos más adictivos.
• Las compañías fabricantes de cigarrillos controlan el impacto y el suministro de nicotina de muchas maneras, incluso en el diseño de filtros y en la selección del papel para cigarrillos con el fin de acrecentar al máximo la ingestión de nicotina, añadiendo amoníaco para hacer menos áspero el sabor de los cigarrillos y controlando la composición física y química de la mezcla del tabaco.
• Cuando usted fuma, la nicotina de hecho provoca cambios en el cerebro ' por eso es tan difícil dejar de fumar.

Efectos perjudiciales por la exposición al humo de tabaco ambiental para la salud

Una Corte Federal ha ordenado a R.J. Reynolds Tobacco, Philip Morris USA, Altria, y Lorillard a realizar la siguiente declaración sobre los efectos del humo de tabaco ambiental para la salud.

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• El humo de tabaco ambiental mata a más de 38'000 estadounidenses cada año.
• El humo de tabaco ambiental causa cáncer de pulmón y enfermedades coronarias en adultos que no fuman.
• Los niños expuestos al humo de tabaco ambiental tienen un mayor riesgo de síndrome de muerte infantil súbita, infecciones respiratorias agudas, problemas de oído, asma grave y reducción de la función pulmonar.
• No existen niveles seguros de exposición al humo de tabaco ambiental.