An ENERGY STAR certified ASHP provides highly efficient heating and cooling by extracting heat from outside into your home in winter and pulling the heat out of your home in the summer. For some, it may be helpful to think of a ducted ASHP as a central air conditioner that also works in reverse to provide whole-house space heating in winter. The illustration demonstrates how ASHP works in both cold and warm seasons, doing double duty to keep your home comfortable no matter the temperature outside.
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Ducted vs. Mini Split Systems
Ducted ASHP systems can be installed and connected to the conventional forced-air ductwork system that is typical of most American homes. A central ASHP can use pre-existing ductwork in your home to deliver heating and cooling, making installation even easier. In most climate zones, an ASHP can be installed as a drop-in replacement when either a central air conditioner or a furnace needs replacement.
If your home doesn’t have existing ductwork or you are planning an addition or renovation where running ductwork will be difficult, you can still install a heat pump to heat and cool a portion of your house. Mini Split Heat Pumps, also called Ductless Heat Pumps, do not need ductwork in order to be installed—instead they are mounted directly onto an interior wall or ceiling with an accompanying outdoor unit. To learn more about Mini Split Heat Pumps, visit www.energystar.gov/minisplit.
Additional Benefits of ASHPs:
Installing properly sized HVAC equipment for your home is essential to getting the best performance and comfort. A system that is either too large or too small for its intended space will struggle to meet your home comfort needs. Your HVAC contractor can help determine what size system is right for your home. Your contractor should verify the proper size system for your home using a tool called "Manual J" – a calculation of the amount of heating and cooling your home requires to keep you warm in the winter and cool in the summer.
If you have a relatively new furnace with an older central AC, or if you are planning to add a new central AC to the furnace, consider an ENERGY STAR certified heat pump. This creates a dual-fuel system for a modest extra cost over an AC system. Dual fuel systems allow for the flexibility of heating with a heat pump or with a more traditional gas or oil furnace and enables you to use each system optimally based on costs and environmental benefits.
Many new ENERGY STAR certified ASHPs excel at providing space heating even in the coldest of climates, as they use advanced compressors and refrigerants that allow for improved low temperature performance. If you live in a climate where winter temperatures regularly dip below freezing, talk to your contractor to choose an ENERGY STAR unit suited to your particular home. When you ask your contractor for an ENERGY STAR certified cold climate ASHP, you can be confident that your new AHSP system will deliver the heating performance and efficiency benefits you expect on even the coldest winter days. A good contractor will work with you to determine the size and potential integration with a back-up heating system that will work best for your home.
Climate ASHP technology has improved significantly over the past several years, and many ASHP systems are capable of delivering heating capacity and efficiency at low outdoor temperatures. The ENERGY STAR certification requires third-party verified performance for low temperatures, testing ASHPs down to 5°F. Testing cold climate ASHP performance at 5°F ensures that your ASHP will provide all the heat you need to keep your home comfortable all winter. Your cold climate ASHP will continue working at temperatures below 5°F, but pairing it with a back-up energy source will heat your home the most efficiently when temperatures are even lower.
Air source heat pumps that earn the ENERGY STAR are eligible for a federal tax credit up to $2,000. This tax credit is effective for products purchased and installed between January 1, , and December 31, . Learn more at www.energystar.gov/taxcredits. Many utilities also offer incentives for installing ENERGY STAR certified ASHPs. Check with your local utility for more details or go to: www.energystar.gov/rebatefinder.
If you've decided that you need to purchase a new air-source heat pump, learn how to hire a contractor. Remember, even though these products can be more expensive to purchase up front, the cost difference will be paid back over time through lower energy bills. Consider regular maintenance of your heating and cooling system to prevent future problems and unwanted costs. ASHPs are one of six high-impact improvements to your home that work together to deliver significant energy and cost savings. Learn more about additional improvements with the ENERGY STAR Home Upgrade.
Be sure to look for the ENERGY STAR when shopping for an air-source heat pump. Use the ENERGY STAR Product Finder to help you identify high efficiency equipment that meets the latest ENERGY STAR certification criteria and then work with a professional installer to find the model that is right for you. ENERGY STAR offers tips on how to hire a contractor.
Air-source heat pumps originally qualified for the ENERGY STAR label in April, .
Current Requirements effective date: January 1,
Air-Source Heat Pumps and Central Air Conditioners Key Product Criteria: ENERGY STAR
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Learn How a Product Earns the Label
In the winter, a heat pump provides heating by extracting heat from outside a building and moving it inside. In the summer, it can provide cooling by moving heat from indoors to the outside.
Find out about the different types of heat pumps, how they work and why they could help to tackle climate change.
A heat pump uses the same technology as an air conditioner, which cools your home using a refrigerant. The only major difference between an air-conditioner and a heat pump is that a heat pump has a reversing valve, which allows it to also heat your home.
In heating mode, a heat pump works like an air conditioner in reverse; instead of keeping your home cool, it uses the refrigerant to warm your home.
Here’s a step-by-step process of how heat pumps work:
Heat could be sourced from the air outside or warmth from the ground. This is blown or pumped over the heat exchange surface of the exterior part of the heat pump.
Even when it’s very cold outside, some heat energy still exists. Heat pumps are effective at taking this heat energy from the ground or air around a building and using it to provide heat for your home or business.
For heat pumps to work at their best, it’s also important that the building has good energy efficiency installed, such as effective insulation.
There are different types of heat pumps: air-source and ground-source.
Heat pumps can also be paired with fossil fuel gas furnaces; these systems are often referred to as hybrid heat pumps.
Around 40% of global emissions come from buildings and most of these result from the ways we heat our homes and businesses.
To reach net zero carbon emissions and tackle climate change, we need to switch from heating that relies on high-carbon fuels to cleaner, low- or zero-carbon alternatives.
Heat pumps will help to achieve this for two main reasons:
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